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برق و الکترونیک::
قشر بصری
The Architecture of the Visual Cortex 354
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) emerged from the study of the brain's visual cortex, and they have been used in image recognition since the 1980s.
The Architecture of the Visual Cortex
Hubel and Torsten Wiesel performed a series of experiments on cats in 19581 and 19592 (and a few years later on monkeys3), giving crucial insights on the structure of the visual cortex (the authors received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1981 for their work).
In particular, they showed that many neurons in the visual cortex have a small local receptive field, meaning they react only to visual stimuli located in a limited region of the visual field (see Figure 13-1, in which the local receptive fields of five neurons are represented by dashed circles).
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عمومی::
قشر دیداری
Sensory processing, especially in the visual cortex, plays a key role in consciousness under all these theories (Le Doux, 2015).
An elaboration of this point of view is access consciousness/attentional amplification theory, wherein prefrontal cortex processes interpret visual cortex processing.
The thalamus, in turn, initiates parallel processing of a slow sort, beginning in the visual cortex, to take one form of sensory processing as an example, and a faster, nearly automatic, processing by the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA).
The visual cortex begins this activity, where one path eventually gets to the LA through the tertiary visual cortex, and so also can initiate behavioral reactions and motor responses indirectly.
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